基于地域的景观温室热带雨林展示区 景观设计

通过对原生热带雨林景观特征的研究以及中国3个 以植物原生境为展示特色的植物园景观温室热带雨林展示区的 调查研究,发现景观温室设计上对雨林原生状态景观的表现存 在雨林类型呈现不完全、地域性不足、整体性不明显等问题。 在世界热带雨林各分布区地域特征分析的基础上,提出景观温 室热带雨林展示区以非洲雨林群系、美洲雨林群系以及印度- 马来雨林群系作为主题。从不同地域主题出发,从地形、土 壤、水体、文化、植物等景观要素的设置上进行景观设计,旨 在展现不同雨林群系的地域特色,为景观温室热带雨林展示区 景观设计提供参考。     

后置翼墙加固框架柱抗震变形能力研究

为考察后置翼墙加固混凝土框架柱的抗震性能,结合已有研究中试验轴压比为0.31、0.36、0.40,原柱纵筋配筋率为0.82%~1.23%的18个后置翼墙加固试件的低周反复荷载试验,采用ABAQUS软件进行了675个后置翼墙加固试件在水平反复荷载下的有限元模拟。试验和有限元分析结果表明：由于后置翼墙作为原柱的耗能及加固部件有效保护了原柱,后置翼墙加固试件中原柱损伤相对较轻;后置翼墙一字形加固柱的损伤主要发生在两片后置翼墙端部区域,T形及L形加固柱原柱损伤主要发生在未后置翼墙一侧,且损伤区域较小;建立了翼墙加固柱极限层间位移角关于原柱轴压比、剪跨比、翼墙钢筋配筋率等关键参数的计算式。     

基于杆系离散单元法的单层网壳结构屈曲行为研究

离散单元法因适合处理大位移、非线性和非连续等问题而逐渐被应用于结构工程中,但采用离散单元法进行结构屈曲全过程分析还有待研究。为此,基于杆系离散单元法的基本理论和计算方法,提出离散元力控制法及离散元位移控制法,研究上述方法在结构弹性屈曲全过程分析中的特点及适用性,同时给出离散元位移控制法（力控制法不需要单独处理）对不同荷载工况的处理方法及离散元法在进行结构弹性屈曲分析时的计算流程。采用Fortran语言自编程序,对典型算例进行弹性屈曲全过程分析,与传统方法相比,该方法无需组集刚度矩阵,对几何非线性问题不需特殊处理即可模拟结构的屈曲行为,更具优越性,并通过结果对比,验证了离散单元法在单层网壳结构弹性失稳全过程分析中的有效性。     

钢筋混凝土缺角板受弯性能试验研究

为了研究混凝土缺角板的受弯性能,设计制作了角部不同开孔大小的7块钢筋混凝土四边简支板,并进行了静力受弯性能试验。结果表明：缺角板跨中区域钢筋先于板四周区域钢筋屈服,随后屈服范围不断扩展并往四角延伸,最终板顶缺角处沿与板边大致成45°方向的混凝土被压碎;开孔系数(板角所开孔洞边长与跨度的比值)为0.05、0.08、0.10、0.12、0.15和0.20的缺角板极限荷载较矩形板的极限荷载分别降低5.98%、10.35%、21.37%、23.63%、38.50%和49.29%,开裂荷载、屈服荷载基本随开孔系数的增大而降低。根据钢筋混凝土板塑性极限分析的塑性铰线法,对6块不同开孔系数混凝土缺角板提出了4种塑性铰线模式,并利用虚功原理建立缺角板极限荷载计算公式,极限荷载计算值与试验值吻合较好,验证了所提出的塑性铰线模式的合理性,及利用虚功原理建立缺角板极限荷载计算公式的可行性。引入一个与开孔系数相关的系数对塑性铰线模式进行简化,简化公式得出的计算值与试验值吻合较好。     

盾构隧道管片衬砌壳-弹簧计算模型研究

针对现有盾构隧道管片衬砌计算模型存在的问题,对管片接头的力学特性进行了分析。认为管片的接头实际应包括管片接缝和对应手孔间的管片部分,采用点弹簧模拟管片接头力学特性实际上是夸大了端部管片的刚度。提出了基于壳-弹簧模式的管片结构的整体环-纵向非连续计算模型,改进了接头的模拟方法。该模型将管片接缝以及对应手孔间管片部分视为一个受力整体,其宽度约为对应手孔之间的弧长,并提出了该接头抗弯刚度的定义方式。由于该模型考虑了管片接头的整体性,计算得到的内力值比梁-弹簧模型计算结果更加准确,且可反映管片结构纵向的受力特征。     

Optimization of the stream finishing process for mechanical surface treatment by numerical and experimental process analysis

The stream finishing process represents an efficient mass finishing process capable in mechanical surface modification. In order to generate a deeper understanding of the cause-effect relationships, normal forces, material removal and surface topography were analyzed and correlated for varied process parameters of disc-shaped AISI 4140 specimens. Local resolution of tangential velocities of the particles and normal forces on the workpiece’s surface were simulated using the discrete element method for defined process parameter configurations and were correlated with experimental results. A deep process understanding is accomplished enabling the process design for efficient surface smoothing and improved residual stress depth distribution.     

The effect of different post-electroplating surface modification treatments on tin whisker growth

There are very few studies that have investigated directly the effect of an oxide film on tin whisker growth, since the ‘cracked oxide theory’ was proposed by Tu in 1994. The current study has investigated the effect of both a molybdate conversion coating and a tungstate conversion coating on tin whisker growth from Sn–Cu electrodeposits on Cu, and compared it with that from an electrochemically formed oxide produced from a potassium bicarbonate-potassium carbonate electrolyte. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) has been used to investigate the effect of both immersion time and applied potential on the thickness and composition of the oxide film. The XPS studies show that the oxide film formed using either of the conversion coating baths is significantly thicker than that produced from the potassium bicarbonate-potassium carbonate bath. Initial observations suggest that both the tungstate-based conversion coatings and the molybdate-based conversion coatings significantly reduce whisker growth by over 80% for all conversion coating systems compared with a native air-formed oxide and provide improved mitigation compared with the electrochemically formed oxides previously investigated.     

相邻深大基坑安全距离理论分析与数值模拟

以两相邻深基坑为工程背景,采用极限平衡理论和平面滑裂面假定,对坑间有限土体建立了土压力计算模型。推导出考虑桩土摩擦、土质参数、坑间超载、基坑间距、邻近基坑支撑轴力等因素的主动土压力计算公式,给出了土压力保持不变时的基坑间距,即安全距离b的表达式。参数分析表明:安全间距b随两相邻基坑的开挖深度、桩土摩擦系数的增加而增大,随土体内摩擦角的增大而减小。接着采用PLAXIS有限元软件选取HS本构模型建立两相邻基坑数值模型,对安全距离的各影响因素开展了规律性研究,分析了不同基坑间距下土压力的数值解与本文理论解沿挖深的分布规律,发现二者有较好的吻合性,进一步验证了本文理论的合理性。     

Evaluation of surface/interface quality,microstructure and mechanical properties of hybrid additive-subtractive aluminium parts

A disadvantage of selective laser melting (SLM) processes for the manufacture of large parts is their slow build time per unit volume. A hybrid route is to generate core simple shapes traditionally, for example by machining, followed by adding final features by SLM. Here the mechanical integrity of such hybrid parts is studied, choosing the building of AlSi10Mg by SLM on a machined AA6082 base, in the shape of a tensile test piece, as a simple example. These materials are chosen for their relevance to lightweight parts. As-built parts fail at the SLM/machined interface but standard heat treatments transfer failures to the machined material. Optimised SLM processing conditions and microstructures of the SLM and interfacial regions are reported.     

Selective Laser Melting process optimization of Ti–Mo–TiC metal matrix composites

Selective Laser Melting (SLM) was used to process a powder mixture of CP Ti, 6.5 wt% Mo and 3.5 wt% Mo₂C. The process parameters were optimized to obtain full-density, crack free parts. After the in situ decomposition of Mo₂C in favor of the formation of TiC, the material consisted of a homogeneous dispersion of submicrometer sized TiC platelets in a β-(Ti,Mo) matrix exhibiting a high hardness up to 550 HV and compressive yield stress of 1164 ± 37 MPa. The microstructure and mechanical properties could be tailored by variation of the process parameters within the high-density processing window, as well as through post-process heat treatments.